International Conference on Applied Chemistry October 17-18, 2016 Houston, USA

Applied biochemistry called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical process within and relating to living organisms. Animal Biochemistry is the study of different chemical reactions going on in the body of animal for life. Plant biochemistry is not only an important field of basic science explaining the molecular function of a plant, but is also an applied science that is in the position to contribute to the solution of agricultural and pharmaceutical problems. . Plant biochemistry consists of the chemical elements of which plants are constructed—principally carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, etc. Molecular biology concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between the different types of DNA, RNA and proteins and their biosynthesis, and studies how these interactions are regulated. Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in living organisms. It is generally considered a field of biology, many of the life sciences. Molecular Enzymology deals with enzymes, enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. Immunology is a branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders.

Physical Chemistry is the application of physical principles and measurements to understand the properties of matter, as well as for the development of new technologies for the environment, energy and medicine. Acid bases include acid base reactions, aqueous solutions, buffers, ionization constants, polyprotic acids and bases. Nuclear chemistry includes applications of nuclear chemistry, applied nuclear chemistry, components of the nucleus, fission and fusion, nuclear reactions, nuclear chain reactions, thermodynamic stability of the atomic nucleus. Quantum mechanics discuss about waves and particles, fundamentals of quantum mechanics, postulates of quantum mechanics, angular momentum, molecular spectroscopy, quantum states of atoms and molecules. Spectroscopy provide different kinds of information as a result of interaction of atoms with light and deals with Vibrational spectroscopy, Electronic spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Rotational spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces.

Applied Surface Chemistry forms together with Polymer Technology, Biopolymer Technology and Pharmaceutical Technology. Nanomaterials can be utilized as templates to create inorganic materials – metals, metal oxides, nanoparticles, nanowires have been prepared by this route. Examples of applications include catalysts for emission control, electrode materials for fuel cells, and porous media in which enzymes and metal-organic homogeneous catalysts can be inserted. Bionanomaterials, i.e., nanomaterials with applications withing biotechnology and biomedicine, Dental implants are one important application. NMR diffusometry is the most important measuring technique studies about structure and structure dynamics of supramolecular chemical materials such as gels, Nanoemulsions and the cellulose fiber. Surfactants are amphiphiles that break down readily in the environment. New type of surfactants is amino-acid based surfactant. Organic and bioorganic synthesis is performed in nanostructured media, such as microemulsions and suspensions of mesoporous materials, and organic gels.

Inorganic chemistry deals with the synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers all chemical compounds except the myriad organic compounds. Descriptive inorganic chemistry focuses on the classification of compounds based on their properties. Theoretical inorganic chemistry begins with the Bohr model of the atom and, using the tools and models of theoretical chemistry and computational chemistry including molecular orbital theory ligand field theory and density functional theory. Mechanistic inorganic chemistry explains about the mechanisms of reactions which are discussed differently for different classes of compounds which include redox reactions, reactions at ligand, transition metal compounds. Characterization of inorganic compounds includes determination of solubility, melting point and acidity. Commonly employed techniques in characterization are X-ray crystallography, dual polarization interferometer, and various forms of spectroscopy. Inorganic synthetic methods can be classified roughly according to the volatility or solubility of the component reactants. Soluble inorganic compounds are prepared using methods of organic synthesis.

Heterogeneous catalysts act in a different phase than the reactants. Most heterogeneous catalysts are solids that act on substrate in a liquid or gaseous reaction mixture. Homogeneous catalysts function in the same phase as the reactants, typically homogeneous catalysts are dissolved in a solvent with the substrates. In acid catalysis and base catalysis a chemical reaction is catalyzed by an acid or a base. The acid is the proton donor and the base is the proton acceptor. Typical reactions catalyzed by electron transfer are esterification and aldol reactions. Enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction by the active site of a protein.

Polymer chemistry is a multidisciplinary science that deals with the chemical synthesis and chemical properties of polymers which were considered as macromolecules. Polymers are high molecular mass compounds formed by polymerization of monomers. Schematically polymers are subdivided into biopolymers, synthetic polymers and thermoplastic polymers. Bipolymers produced by living organisms, Thermoplastic polymers such as polyethylene, teflon, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, Poly(methyl methacrylate), vinyl chloride, nylon, rayon, cellulose, silicon, glass fiber. There are different types of polymerization namely Living polymerization, Block and functional polymers, Group transfer polymerization, Living radical polymerization.

Medicinal chemistry is the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology, where they are involved with design, chemical synthesis and development for market of pharmaceutical agents, or bio-active molecules. Medicinal chemistry mainly focus on small organic molecules, encompasses synthetic organic chemistry and aspects of natural products and computational chemistry in close combination with chemical biology, enzymology and structural biology together aiming at the discovery and development of new therapeutic agents. It involves chemical aspects of identification, and synthetic alteration of new chemical entities to make them suitable for therapeutic use, understanding their structure-activity relationships. Drug discovery is the identification of novel active chemical compounds. It also studies about the drug metabolism.

Organometallic chemistry is the study of chemical compounds containing at least one bond between a carbon atom of an organic compound and a metal. Organometallic chemistry combines aspects of inorganic chemistry also known as bioinorganic chemistry and organic chemistry. Organometallic compounds are widely used in homogeneous catalysis. Organometallic compounds are distinguished by the prefix "organo-" e.g. organopalladium compounds and Organometallic catalysis. Examples of such organometallic compounds include all Gilman reagents, which contain lithium and copper. Tetracarbonyl nickel, and ferrocene are examples of organometallic compounds containing transition metals which are related to f-block chemistry. The term "metalorganics" usually refers to metal-containing compounds lacking direct metal-carbon bonds but which contain organic ligands. Metal beta-diketonates, alkoxides, and dialkylamides are representative members of this class. In addition to the traditional metals, undergo organic transformation eg; lanthanides, actinides, and semimetals, trace elements such as boron, silicon, arsenic, and selenium are considered to form organometallic compounds, e.g. organoborane compounds such as triethylborane. Few organometalics Period 2 elements: organolithium chemistry, organoberyllium chemistry, organoborane chemistry, Period 3 elements: organomagnesium chemistry, organoaluminum chemistry, organosilicon chemistry.

Energy exists in several forms, like heat, light, energy, and voltage. Energy is that the ability to bring forth modification or to try and do work. Physics is that the study of energy. First Law of Thermodynamics. Energy will be modified from one kind to a different; however it can't be created or destroyed. The whole quantity of energy and matter within the Universe remains constant, simply ever-changing from one kind to a different. The primary Law of physical model states that energy is usually preserved, it can't be created or destroyed. In essence, energy will be regenerate from one kind into another. The Second Law of physics states that "in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the P.E. of the state can forever be but that of the initial state this can be conjointly ordinarily observed as entropy. Within the method of energy transfer, some energy can dissipate as heat transfer. Entropy may be a live of disorder cells aren't disordered so have low entropy. The flow of energy maintains order and life. Entropy wins once organisms stop to require in internal energy and die. H is that the quantity of warmth content used or free in an exceedingly system at constant pressure. H is typically expressed because the modification in heat.

Energy exists in several forms, like heat, light, energy, and voltage. Energy is that the ability to bring forth modification or to try and do work. Physics is that the study of energy. First Law of Thermodynamics. Energy will be modified from one kind to a different; however it can't be created or destroyed. The whole quantity of energy and matter within the Universe remains constant, simply ever-changing from one kind to a different. The primary Law of physical model states that energy is usually preserved, it can't be created or destroyed. In essence, energy will be regenerate from one kind into another. The Second Law of physics states that "in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the P.E. of the state can forever be but that of the initial state this can be conjointly ordinarily observed as entropy. Within the method of energy transfer, some energy can dissipate as heat transfer. Entropy may be a live of disorder cells aren't disordered so have low entropy. The flow of energy maintains order and life. Entropy wins once organisms stop to require in internal energy and die. H is that the quantity of warmth content used or free in an exceedingly system at constant pressure. H is typically expressed because the modification in heat.

Extraction in chemistry may be a separation technique consisting within the separation of a substance from a matrix. It includes Liquid-liquid extraction, and Solid part extraction. Crystallization is additionally a chemical solid–liquid separation technique, within which heat transfer of a substance from the liquid resolution to a pure solid crystalline part happens. In chemical engineering crystallization happens in an exceedingly crystallizer. Sublimation is that the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas part while not passing through the intermediate liquid part. Sublimation is associate degree heat-absorbing natural process that happens at thermal and pressures below a substance's triple purpose in its part diagram. Distillation may be a method of separating the part substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation. Distillation might end in basically complete separation or it should be a partial separation that will increase the concentration of trace elements of the mixture.

The development of science and technology has been giving us a lot of benefits. Chemistry is a field which has greatly contributed to the development. The advanced technology has often required the basic research. Therefore, the Course of Applied Chemistry covers a variety of chemical fields, working on various materials including metal compounds, inorganic and organic pesticides, polymers, proteins etc., doing basic researches and their applications. The Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry field is trying to contribute to the progress of the modern society by devising novel processes for material synthesis and creating new functional materials, based on the profound understanding and precise control of a variety of chemical reactions. The Physical and Inorganic Chemistry field is focusing to functional solid materials having nanostructures and microstructures of inorganic and organic compounds, polymer, and their hybrid systems from the viewpoints of their fundamental physiochemical properties as well as their applications to catalysts, sensors, electronic devices, and so on. There are research groups focusing on structure function relationships in biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, methods for separation and wastewater treatment, biotechnology, protein engineering, and applications of protein production methods to synthetic biology and medicine.